经皮椎体支架成形和经皮椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效观察

文题释义： 椎体成形术：是指通过向骨折椎体内注入骨水泥等生物材料以达到缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,纠正局部后凸畸形,增加椎体稳定性的手术方式,在临床上被广泛应用于骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的治疗中。 骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折：是指因骨量减少,骨组织微结构退变,骨组织强度下降、脆性增加等病理生理因素导致的椎体出现压缩、塌陷变形的疾病。 背景：经皮椎体支架成形术能较好地改善患者疼痛、恢复椎体高度、纠正局部后凸畸形,但目前尚未有确切的临床研究显示其较经皮椎体后凸成形术有明显的优势。 目的：比较经皮椎体支架成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折方面的近期疗效。 方法：回顾性分析广州中医药大学第一附属医院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的40例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折行经皮椎体支架成形(vertebral body stenting system,VBS)或经皮椎体后凸成形(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗的患者,根据手术方式分为2组,VBS组15例,PKP组25例,再根据术中透视手术节段是否呈后伸位,分为2亚组,VBS后伸位组7例,PKP后伸位组14例。 结果与结论：①与PKP组相比,VBS组术中注入骨水泥量较多(P < 0.05),两组在手术时间、术中出血量及渗漏率等方面均无显著差异(P > 0.05);②与术前相比,VBS组和PKP组的目测类比评分均显著下降,且在末次随访时进一步下降(P < 0.05);③VBS组与PKP组伤椎前缘高度、伤椎中部高度、伤椎前缘高度比均较术前明显增加(P < 0.05),VBS组与PKP组压缩Cobb角均较术前显著降低(P < 0.05),VBS手术后压缩Cobb角低于PKP组(P < 0.05),VBS组局部Cobb角较术前明显降低(P < 0.05);④在亚组比较中,两组在手术时间、术中出血量、骨水泥量、骨水泥渗漏、临床疗效(目测类比评分)及影像学评估(伤椎前缘高度、伤椎中部高度、伤椎前缘高度比及椎体压缩cobb角、局部Cobb角)等方面均无显著差异(P > 0.05);⑤结果表明,VBS与PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效明显;VBS在注入更多的骨水泥的同时,对局部后凸畸形能起到更好的纠正作用;通过术中体位的摆放,使手术节段处于后伸位,能减少两种手术方式的疗效差异。 ORCID: 0000-0002-7618-7188(马延怀) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

经皮椎体强化术围手术期隐性失血的相关因素分析

目的：探讨经皮椎体强化术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者围手术期隐性失血的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2018年10月至2019年12月行经皮椎体强化术的360例患者的临床资料,包括性别,年龄,手术方式,病程,身高,体重,手术节段,骨密度,骨水泥量,手术时间,椎体高度丢失率,椎体高度恢复率,骨水泥渗漏,凝血功能,术前及术后血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）,红细胞比容（hematocrit,HCT）和内科合并症等。根据Gross公式计算总失血量,采用t检验、多元线性回归和单因素方差分析不同因素对隐性失血的影响。结果：手术方式、手术节段、病程、骨水泥渗漏、术前Hb、椎基底静脉型渗漏和椎体节段静脉型渗漏与隐性失血显著相关（P<0.05）。结论：经皮椎体后凸成形术、双节段及多节段手术、病程≥ 6周、骨水泥椎基底静脉型渗漏和椎体节段静脉型渗漏,以及术前Hb越低的患者围手术期隐性失血越多。     

骨水泥螺钉强化固定伴骨质疏松腰椎滑脱症的稳定性及椎间融合

BACKGROUND: In lumbar spondylolisthesis patients with severe osteoporosis, screw is easily loose and pulls out during reposition, or loss of reduction and internal fixation failure easily occur after repair. Therefore, it is very  important to elevate the intensity of pedicle screw fixation during repair. At present, few studies concern application of bone cement screw enhancement technology in lumbar spondylolisthesis patients with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of augmented pedicle screw with polymethylmethacrylate for lumbar spondylolisthesis accompanied with osteoporosis. METHODS: From June 2009 to June 2011, 27 patients suffering from lumbar spondylolisthesis accompanied with osteoporosis were included in this retrospective study. These patients received augmented pedicle screw with polymethylmethacrylate. The levels of disability and pain were evaluated by Oswestry Disability Index and visual analog scale. The internal fixation and fusion were evaluated by radiological findings. All complications were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All cases were followed up for 15-37 months. Oswestry Disability Index and visual analog scale scores were significantly better in final follow-up than that pre-treatment (P < 0.05). Imaging results revealed that bone cement tightly connected to bone interface. The position of screw and bone cement was good. Symptomatic bone cement leakage was not found. No fixation failure was detected during final follow-up. All patients achieved interbody fusion. These results suggested that polymethylmethacrylate bone cement could increase the gripping force of the pedicle screw in osteoporotic vertebral body. It is safe and effective to treat spondylolisthesis accompanied with osteoporosis with augmented pedicle screws. Satisfactory fixation stability and interbody fusion can be obtained.